Apparatus for honing



Dec. 5, 1939. H. L. spoon 2,182,276

APPARATUS, FOR HONING Filed NOV. 5, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 5, 1939.

H. L. BLOOD 2,182,276

APPARATUS FOR HONING Filed Nov. 5. 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 72 52 I I l l 2.9

Patented Dec. 5, 1939 APPARATUS FOR HONING Harold L. Blood, Worcester, Mass ,assignorto The Heald Machine Company; Worcester, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application November 5, 1936, Serial No. 109,331

IOCIaims.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for honing and especially to an arrangement by which a short rapid relative axial reciprocation between the hone and the workpiece may be provided while the honing action is taking place.

In the honing of cylindrical or tapered surfaces,"it has been found desirable to combine with the usual relative rotation between workpiece and hone, a relative reciprocatory move- 1. ment between the workpiece and the hone to produce a suitable surface finish on the workpiece which will be free of scratches and honing lines. Heretofore, such a reciprocation has, in general, been provided by mounting either the workpiece I or the hone on the familiar reciprocatory table provided in machine tools for producing a relative movement between the work and the tool.

.- This arrangement has been entirely satisfactory in operation, but in the construction of inexpensive honing apparatus, it is=desirable to eliminate the reversing mechanism required for controlling the table movements. It is accordingly the principal object of the present invention to provide foran axial reciprocation of the honing members relative to the workpiece by a simplified arrangeinent capable of producing more rapid reciprocations than have heretofore been attainable, thus eliminating the needfor any table or carriage movements except those necessary to present the work to the hone and to withdraw saidwork from honing position.

In the particular embodiment of the invention described, the hone is mounted on a spindle which is journalled in a-honing head and the hone is 5 reciprocated relative to the honing head and is also rotated by a-rotation of the spindle. In order that the reciprocations may occur at the de'- sired rate, a further feature of the'invention resides in a provision for rotation of the hone in-' dependently of its reciprocation.

Ajfurther object of the invention is the provision for collapsing the hone, as at the completion of the honing operation, in order to withdraw the hone from the workpiece. The workpiece may thus be moved into operative relation to the hone before the bone, is expanded into operative honing tlon.

In th copending application of Blood. Serial No. 1001911, filed September 15, 1936, which has become Pat; N0. 2,146,414 dated Feb. 7, 1939, is

to compensate for wear thereon when such a compensation is necessary.

Other and further objects and" advantages of the invention will more fully appear from the fol lowing detailed description taken in connection 5 with the accompanying drawings in which- Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a honing head embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. I

Fig. 4 is a sectional view along of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view corresponding to Fig. 15 4, with parts in a different relative position.

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the parts associated with the hone-carrying spindle at the end remote from the hone.

Like reference charactersrefer to like parts in 20 the different figures.

With reference first to Fig. 1, the hone which is ,of' any suitable character, is arranged in the present disclosure for the honing of tapered internal surfaces and corresponds to the hone disclosed in the aforesaid Blood Patent No. 2,146,414.

It is sufiic'ient to note for the purpose of 'this application that the hone comprises a head or arbor I having an axial bore 2 in which a spindle 3 is slidable. The arbor has a. key, not shown, if by which to hold the spindle against rotation relative to the arbor, but to allow for axial movement of the spindle. The latter has an arcuate shoulder 4 within the arbo'r and the end of the spindle projects beyond the arbor and has a cap 5 se- 35 cured thereto. The opposite endof the spindle receives an axially positioned bolt 6 for controlling theeflective length of the spindle, the bolt being held against turning movement by a looking nut (I. A cylindrical huh I on theiarbor pro- 0 vides for. attachment-of said arbor to the hone supporting and rotating mechanismhereinafter described. Although thespindle I is shown as made up of two separate members these members are functionally integraland are sodescribed. 45

The arbor I has a plurality of radially extending slots 8 in each of which is positioned a lever the line 4-4 ll substantially of bell-crank form. Surround-' gagement with the corresponding finger l8 to provide for rocking movement of the lever relative to the finger.

- The opposite end of each lever has an arcuate lug |engageable in an arcuaterecess I8 in an associated hone carrier l1. On the outer side of each of the carriers I1 is positioned a holder l8 to which is secured, as by a suitable adhesive, a honing member in the form of a stone |8,-preferably of abrasive material. The stone is addition ally held in place by flanges 28 extending outwardly from the holder.

The several holders |8 are retained against the carriers by coil springs 2| and 22, each in the form of an annulus. The spring 2| is positioned at the inner or left hand (Fig. 1) end of the holders and engages the flanges 28. The other coil spring 22 ispositioned in a recess 23 in the outer end of each of the holders and the intumed portion of the holder which forms this recess engages in a correspondingly shaped recess 24 in the carrier. For additionally holding the levers l8 in position, a coil spring 25, also in theform of an annulus, is positioned in a:slot 28 in the arbor for engagement with all of the levers. At the corner of each bell-crank lever is an arcuate protuberance 21 engageable with thearcuate shoulder 4 on the spindle.

' The hone above described is mounted on the end of a hollow shaft 28 joumalled in a housing and the shaft is driven in any suitable manher, as bymeans of a pulley 38 secured to the left hand end/of the shaft. Within the shaft is an axially slidable rod 3| having a head 32 at the right hand end thereof engageable with the end of the bolt 8. A coil spring 33 surrounding said rod is positioned between the head 32 and a collar 34, Fig. 6, the latter being slidable on the rod,. and normally urges said rod to the right for expanding the hone. Movement of the rod is limited by ,a nut .35, Fig. 8, on the threaded left hand end of the rod.

The above structure is all fully. described and claimed in earlier patents or applicationsand is not of itself the present invention. The latter involves the attainment, in connection with the above, or similar machine elements, of the objects and novel features above outlined. In accordance therewith, the shaft 28 in addition to its rotary motion is arranged tohave a relatively rapid reciprocation within the housing 28, so

that the honewill be. reciprocated as well as ro-v tated when operatlng'on the workpiece a." The latter is here shownas mounted non-rotatably in any suitable work-holding structure 38 which a is movable in one direction to dispose the workpiece in operative relation with the hone, and

.in the other direction to withdraw said workpiece from honing position.

The shaft 28 is journalled in spaced bearings 31in the housing 28 and is axially slidable therein. Secured to the shaft 28, between the bearings 31,-is a collar 38 held against rotation on the shaft, and journalled' on thecollar 38 isa ring 39. Anti-friction bearings assure a free,

with reference now to Fig. 3, the housing 28 has" spaced bearings 48 and 41 in the latter of which is journalled a stub shaft 48. A pulley 48 is secured to the outer end of the stub shaft, as by a clamping nut 58, and provides for rota- 5 tion of the shaft 48. Eccentrically positioned in the innerend of the shaft 48 is the end of a spindle 5|, the opposite end of the spindle having an eccentric sleeve 52 positioned in the bearing 48 and corresponding to the eccentricity of the shaft 48 relative to the spindle 5|. As the bearings 48. and 41 are in alinement, the shaft 48 and eccentric sleeve 52 provide for an eccentric movement of the spindle, 5| about the axis of the shaft 48. The sleeve 45 has an eccentric bore, the latter receiving the spindle 5|, and this arrangement serves to impart areciprocatory movement to the shaft 28 in response to rotation of the shaft 48.

To adjust the extent of reciprocation of the shaft 28 the sleeve 45 is mounted for angular adjustment on the spindle 5|. To this end the stub shaft 48 has an integral flange 53 having a plurality of ratchet teeth 54 thereon to cooperate with corresponding ratchet teeth 55 on the end of the sleeve 45. A threaded collar 58 is positionedon the spindle 5| at the end of the sleeve 45 remote from the ratchet teeth and normally holdsthe cooperating ratchet teeth in interengagement. For adjustment of the sleeve 45 the collar 58 is loosened and the sleeve can then be turned on the spindle 5|. The showings of Figs. 4 and 5 indicate two extremes of adjustment formaximum length of reciprocatory strokes and for no reciprocation respectively.

With such a reciprocating hone, especially when same isarranged to operate in a workpiecebore that is straight rather than tapered, it is essential, for the movement of the workpiece into and out of honing position, to make provision for expanding and contracting the hone. To this end the shaft 28 has a sleeve 51 secured against turning movement thereon by a key 58 which allows axial movement of the sleeve. A projecting flange 58 on the sleeve 51 forms a piston slidable in a cylindrical bore 85 provided by the collar 38, the latter having a cylindrical flange 8| integral therewith. Fluid under pressure is directed through a'channei 82 in the housing 29 from any suitable source to an annular groove 83 in the periphery of the sleeve 51 from which it is directed by achannel 84 to the cylindrical bore-88 to procuremovement of the sleeve 51 to the left, Fig. 1, from the position shown. i

With reference now to Fig.8, a plurality of pins 85 extend through openings 88 in the pulley 38 and engage at their inner ends with a shoulder on the sleeve 51. At the outer ends the pins engage with a ring 81. positioned on the end of the shaft 28 and engagin g with the underside of the nut 35. .Tne ring 81 has slots 88 to receive the ends of the pins 85 and it .will be apparent that wherf fluid under pressure enters the cylindrical bore 88 the ensuing left hand movement of sleeve 51 is communicated through nut 25 to the rod 3| and head 32, this compressing the spring 33 and allowing the springs 2| and 22 to .collapse the hone.- The admission of fluid under a pressure to the bore 88 may be procured automatically as at the end of each honing operation, by any suitable structure, or may be procured manually by a suitable valve, not shown, which, during the honing operation, with the. workpiece engaging the bones, will allow fluid under pressure to exhaust from within the cylin- 16 der bore. The springs 2| and 22 cause the-hone to collapse when the rod 3| is moved to the left.

' support a plate III in engagement withthe inner surface of the nut 35, the plate being resiliently urged to the left by coil springs ll surrounding,

the studs. Movement of the plate to the left is limited by the heads 12 on the studs so that when the hone is collapsed the nut 35 will be out of engagement with the plate 10. In the normal honing operation the nut 35 may engage the plate 10, but frequently does not move far enough to the right under the action of-the spring 33 to quite reach the plate I0. As the stones become more and more worn the nut 35 must move more and more to the right to allow the stones to "engage with the work at a proper pressure, the expension of the hone being limited ultimately by engagement between the nut 35 and the end of the shaft 23. After the bones are sumciently worn to require a compensation for wear, the nut 35 moves far enough to the ,right to establish sumcient frictional contact between the plate Ill and the nut to cause a relative turning movement of the nut'35 on the end of the rod 3 I. The shaft 23 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow 1:, Fig. 1, so that the relative turning movement of the nut 35 on the rod is in a proper direction to k the nut away from the endof the shaft 28, thereby allowing a further movement of the rod to the right and allowing the hone to be expanded somewhat more than before. This compensation can occur independently of the reciprocation of the shaft 28 asthe nut 35 engages the plate 10 only when the shaft is at or near the right hand end of its movement, and the resilient mounting of the plate will allow a movementthereof when engaged by the nut;

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present invention provides for rapid axial'vibration of the spindle which carries the hone, thereby providing the' desired combined rotary and reciprocatory motions between the hone and the workpiece. Furthermore, a fluid pressure actuated mechanism is provided for collapsing or expanding the hone when desired, as at the end of a honing operation. A compensatory mecha nism is also provided to compensate automatically for the wear on the honing stones whenever a compensation for wear becomes necessary. It will be understood that the provision for recipro cation and rotation of the hone may be applied equally well to other forms of cutting tools where a simultaneous rotation and reciprocation relative to a workpiece is desired, as for example, in internal grinding machines.

I claim:

1. In a honing device, a honing head, a spindle mounted for reciprocation therein, a hone on the spindle, said hone comprising anarbor, a honing element carried by said arbor and movable relative thereto, means associated with, the. spindle for urging the honing element into operative position, and limiting means for controlling the operative position of the honing element and means for automatically compensating for wear on the hone by adjustment of said limiting means.

2. In a honing device, a honing head, a spindle mounted for reciprocation therein, means for rotating said spindle, means for reciprocating, said spindle, a hone on said spindle and means "for automatically compensating for wear on the hone,

said compensating means being actuated in part by the spindle rotation.

.3. In a honing device, a head, a spindle mounted for reciprocation therein, a bone on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, at least one honing element carried by and movable relative to the-arbor into and out of operative position, and means associated with the spindle for normally urging said element into operative position, means for controlling the operative position of said honing element, and means for automatically adjusting said last means to compensate for wear on the honing elements.

4. In a honing device, a head, a spindle mounted for reciprocation therein, a bone on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, atleast one honing element carried by and movable relative to the arbor into and out of operative position, and means associated with the spindle for normally urging said elementinto operative position, means for controlling the operative position of said honing element, means for automatb cally adjusting said last means to compensate for wear on the honing elements, and means for procuringa retraction of the honing elements relative to the arbor. N

5. In a honing device, a head, aspindle Journailed inthe head and reciprocable therein, a hone mounted on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, a lever mounted for rocking \,nalled therein and reciprocable thereto, a hone mounted on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, at least one lever pivotallymounted in the arbor and a honing member carried by the lever, means extending axially of the spindle for urging the lever and the honing member thereon inttroperative position, and fluid pressure actuated means engageable with said last means for rendering said last means inoperative to procure movement of the honing element into inoperative position.

'7. In ahoning device, a head, a spindle jourmounted on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, at least one lever pivotally mounted in the arbor and a honing member carried by the lever, a rod extending axially of the spindle, resilient means engaging said rod for shifting the latter in the spindle to procuremovement of the honing element into operative position, a thread- .nalled therein and reciprocable thereto, a hone ed collar on the projecting end of said rod, and

' means eiigageable with said collar to procure a turning movement thereof in response to rotation.

of the spindle, thereby procuring adjustment. of

the position of the rod to compensate for wear on the honing element.

8. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein and reciprocable thereto, a hone mounted on the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, at least one lever pivotally mounted in the arbor and a honing member carried by the lever, a rod extending axially of the spindle, 'resih ient means engaging said rod for shifting the. latter in the spindle to procure movement of the honingelement into operative position, a threadand cylinder, one of which is connected to the ed collar on the projecting endoi said rod, and a stationary platemounted on the headand engageable by saidcollar during the axial reciprocation oi the spindle, said plate procuring a turning movement of the collar on the rod in response to rotation of the spindle for adjusting the position oi the rod within said spindle.

9. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein and reciprocable thereto, a hone mounted on the spindle, saidhone comprising an arbor, at least one lever pivotaliy mounted in the arbor and a honing member carried by the lever, a rod extending axially of the spindle, resilient means engaging said rod for-shifting the latter in the spindle to procure movement of the honing element into operative position, a threaded collar on the projecting end of said rod, and fluid pressure actuated means, including a piston spindle and the other of which is connected to the collar for shifting said collar and the rod axially of the spindle for procuring'movement oi the honing element into inoperative position.

10. In a honing device, a honing head, a spindle mounted for reciprocation therein, a hone on the end of'the spindle, said hone comprising an arbor, a supporting member mounted for rocking movement relative to the arbor and a honing element mounted onth'e supporting member and movable therewith, means associated with the spindle for urging said supporting member and the honing element into operative position, means ior controlling the operative position of said honing ele-' ment, and cooperating means on the spindle and II head for automatically adjustingsaid controlling means during reciprocation of the spindle, p

' HAROLD L. BLOOD. 

